Thames & Kosmos Wow in the World: Everlasting Volcano handleiding

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Olympus Mons

The

largest known

volcano

in our solar

system is Olympus

Mons, a shield volcano

on Mars. It is 25 km tall

and 624 km wide —

about 100 times larger than Mauna Loa,

the largest volcano on Earth. Olympus

Mons appears to be inactive.

TYPES OF VOLCANOESTYPES OF VOLCANOES

“The four

types of

volcanoes”

“Out-of-

this-world

volcanoes!”

Cinder cone

Cinder cone volcanoes are

often

smaer

than other

volcanoes — with heights of

ten to a few hundred meters.

To form these volcanoes,

lava is

hurled

into the air,

cools, and breaks into

individual fragments, called

cinders. These rocks fall

to the ground around the

volcanic vent and build up

over time, forming a

cone.

Composite

Composite volcanoes

(or stratovolcano)

consist of

alternating

layers

of cooled uid

lava and cinders, which

form the recognizable

cone shape of the

stereotypical volcano.

Some of these are

among the

highest

mountains on Earth.

Shield

The shield volcano is

flat and wide,

like a

warrior’s shield lying

on the ground. It is

created by uid lava

owing very quickly

from its vent and

spreading out over a

large area. Some of

the

largest

volcanoes

in the world are shield

volcanoes.

Lav dome

The lava dome is

a steep mountain

created by very

viscous lava, which

cools down quickly

and

piles up

around

the vent. This seals

the vent like a cork,

often making the

next eruption even

dangerous.

WHAT WHAT

COMES COMES

OUT OF A OUT OF A

VOLCANO?VOLCANO?

Lava: flowing

molten rock

Ash: tephra

smaer

than 2 

Volcanic bombs:

tephra larger

than 64 

Lapii or

volcanic cinders:

tephra betwn 2

and 64 

Gases: like water

vapor, carbon dioxide,

and sulfur dioxide

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