Thames & Kosmos Wow in the World: Everlasting Volcano handleiding

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Thames & Kosmos

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Handleiding

The pop-up mechanism in the volcano

models how the preure inside a

real volcano builds up until it erupts.

Here’s how a real volcano works.

ALL ABOUT ALL ABOUT

VOLCANOES VOLCANOES

“Where does the

name ‘volcano’

come from?”

“Is it magma

or lava?”

Magma chamber:

Magma

rock

that is under such

huge preure

that it is

super hot

and has

melted.

The

magma chamber

kilometers below the surface. The

molten rock

and

volcanic gases

build up here over time. When it gets too full and the

preure gets

t great,

its contents

rise up

through the volcanic conduit.

Conduit: Magma and

gases rise through

the

volcanic conduit,

or pipe,

up to the

vent. Some volcanoes

also have

side vents

branching off from

the main conduit.

Crater: Blown open by the

eruption, the

crater

is where the

rising magma and gases spew out

of the volcano. After the eruption,

the lava cools down and seals

the volcanic vent, often leaving a

bowl-shaped depreion.

Ash cloud: A mixture of

glowing

hot rock,

already-cooled rock

ash,

and

water vapor

rises

high up into the atmosphere.

The eruption cloud can be

many kilometers high.

Ash fa:

Powdery ash

and

sma

fragments of rock and volcanic

gla

are propelled many

kilometers into the air, raining

down around the volcano. The

smallest particles can be carried

around the entire planet.

Lava flow: Magma that exits

the volcano is called

lava.

This

viscous molten rock

ows

down the sides of the volcano.

Volcanic layers:

During each

eruption, lava ows

out of the volcano

and

cls down,

and

ash falls and settles

on the ground.

In this way, the

volcanic mountain

builds up layer by

layer,

eruption after

eruption.

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