Thames & Kosmos Structural Engineering: Bridges & Skyscrapers handleiding

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Vectors, Forces, and

Moments

Vectors are

represented by arrows.

The arrow’s head

points in the direction

of the vector and the

line’s length

represents the vector’s

magnitude. A longer

arrow means a larger

magnitude.

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NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTION ...

... states that an object remains at rest or in motion at a

constant velocity, unless acted upon by a net force. This is

often called the law of inertia, and is simpliﬁed to: “An object

in motion stays in motion, and an object at rest stays at rest.”

FORCES

A force is an interaction between objects. There

are three laws that govern the ways that forces

behave, called Newton’s laws of motion.

VECTORS

A quantity that only requires a unit of magnitude to describe it is known as a scalar.

For example, if you wanted to describe how much an object weighs, you would only

need to include a unit of measure such as pounds (lb) or kilograms (kg).

In physics and engineering, another useful concept is a vector. A vector is a

quantity that has both a magnitude and a direction.

Two important examples of vectors are velocity and acceleration. Velocity

describes how fast an object is moving and in what direction. If you rode your bike at

ﬁve miles per hour and went due north, then that would be your velocity.

Acceleration is a measure of how the velocity of an object changes. An object, such

as a car, is accelerating when it is speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction.

An important part of structural engineering is calculating how forces and

moments aﬀect and pass through a structure. A mistake in these calculations

could cause the structure to fail, or fall down.

To understand what makes a structure stable,

you must understand vectors, forces, and moments.

Vectors, Forces, and Moments

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