Thames & Kosmos Structural Engineering: Bridges & Skyscrapers handleiding

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Thames & Kosmos

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Handleiding

1 2

100 mm

EXPERIMENT 1

HERE’S HOW

Hold one corner of the

model in one hand and

try to deform the

model by moving the

opposite corner. Does

the model deform?

Stability of a shape

Done!

WHAT’S HAPPENING

When you are pushing on the corner of the square, you are applying a

force, or load, to the structure. A goal of structural engineering is to

achieve the stability of a structure under diﬀerent loads. All

structures will change shape to some degree when loads act on them.

In a stable structure, the changes in shape, or deformations, are

small, and forces within the structure return the structure to its

original shape after the load is removed.

In an unstable structure, the changes in shape are large and usually

increase as long as the forces are applied. An unstable structure

does not have the internal forces required to restore the structure

to its original shape. Is the square a stable or unstable structure?

SQUARE

BRACED SQUARE

EXPERIMENT 2

HERE’S HOW

Repeat Experiment 1 with

the braced square. How

does the braced square

react to the load?

Reinforced

structures

Done!

The frame of a bicycle

uses a similar shape!

Start with the

model from

Experiment 1.

WHAT’S HAPPENING

You made the square model

into a stable structure by

adding a rod connecting the

two corners. This locked the

angle of the other rods. When

you push on the corner of

the square, you can feel the

model move a lile bit. As

you stop pushing on it, you

can feel it return to its

original shape.

First, let’s build some simple

models and conduct simple

experiments with them to show

how connecting structural

elements together in diﬀerent ways

can aﬀect the strength and

stability of a structure.

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