Thames & Kosmos Robotics Smart Machines: Super Sphere handleiding

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Thames & Kosmos

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Handleiding

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BACKGROUND TECHNICAL INFO

ABOUT SOUND

Sound is a form of energy that moves as a pressure wave

through substances (gases, liquids, and solids). Typically,

humans can hear and feel many sounds. Sounds are

caused by vibrations, which are back-and-forth

movements of particles. Humans can sense sound when

these vibrating particles make contact with their

eardrums, which send signals to their brains.

Many sounds vibrate at a frequency that the normal

human ear can detect. Frequency is simply the number of

waves in a given period of time. Typically, humans can

hear sound waves in the frequency range of 20 hertz

(which means cycles per second) to 20,000 hertz (20

kilohertz).

ABOUT THE SOUND SENSOR

Sound sensors work somewhat like a human ear. A sound

sensor has a thin ﬂexible membrane inside it called a

diaphragm. The diaphragm vibrates when sound waves

hit it. This vibrating motion of the diaphragm is converted

into electrical signals, which are sent to a microprocessor

for processing. A sound sensor is like a simple

microphone.

The sound sensor in this kit is designed to sense the

intensity of sound. The intensity of sound relates directly

to loudness, and is a measure of the amount of energy in

the sound wave. The programming app used with the

robots in this kit receives the signals from the sound

sensor and recognizes and counts brief sounds that are

much louder than the ambient sound. The sound of your

hands clapping once is a perfect example of a loud sound

detected by this app. In other words, the app listens for

the number of loud sounds — like claps — that the sound

sensor senses. The app allows you to program diﬀerent

sequences of commands to run, depending on the number

of claps the sound sensor detects. With this, you can

program your robots to perform diﬀerent actions

depending on how many claps (one to four) it detects.

ABOUT THE SUPER SPHERE’S MOVEMENT

The primary robot model in this kit, the Super Sphere,

moves in a very unique and interesting way. The Super

Sphere has two motors (called motor A and motor B)

mounted inside of it on a mechanical structure. The

motors are connected to the Bluetooth baery box, which

turns them on and oﬀ based on instructions coming from

the app. Motor A is mounted horizontally and connects to

a gear that is directly connected to the inside of the

spherical shell. When motor A turns, it causes the sphere

to roll forward or backward because there is a heavy

weight keeping the inner mechanical structure upright

while the lighter sphere spins around it. This is much like

how a hamster running on the inside of a hamster wheel

always stays at the boom of the wheel because of its

weight.

Motor B is mounted vertically inside the sphere. When it

turns, it spins the weights which are hanging down from

the inner mechanical structure. Due to a complex physics

concept called angular momentum, when the heavy

weights spin clockwise, the outer sphere actually rotates

counterclockwise. Likewise, when the weights spin

counterclockwise, the outer sphere rotates clockwise.

Again, this is related to why the hamster spinning on the

wheel always stays at the boom, except the spinning

motion is happening in a diﬀerent plane. It is also related

to how a toy top spins. Combining these two motions at

the same time allows the robot to move forward or

backward and turn to the left or right at the same time.

But don’t just take our word for it — build it and see for

yourself how it works!

Illustration of a sound wave

Particles

Wave

Compression

Refraction

The sound sensor

detects the

number of claps.

The app runs

diﬀerent parts of the

program depending

on how many claps

it detects.

motor A

motor B

motor A

motor B

motor A

motor B

Bekijk gratis de handleiding van Thames & Kosmos Robotics Smart Machines: Super Sphere, stel vragen en lees de antwoorden op veelvoorkomende problemen, of gebruik onze assistent om sneller informatie in de handleiding te vinden of uitleg te krijgen over specifieke functies.