Thames & Kosmos Physics Pro handleiding
Handleiding
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HEAT AND TEMPERATURE
Heat, like mechanical energy or electrical
energy, is a form of energy. Temperature
is an indication of a body’s heat state.
The greater the weight (or the mass) of a
body, the more extra heat (energy) you
have to conduct to it in order to raise its
temperature by a given amount. It has to
“suck up” a quantity of heat corresponding
to the quantity by which its temperature is
to rise.
For example, if you want to heat it by
20 °C, it has to absorb twice as much
energy as if you wanted to raise its
temperature by just 10 °C.
The unit of measurement for energy (and
for heat) is the joule (J).
To heat 1 liter (1 kg) of water from 20 °C
to 21 °C, you have to apply 4,182 joules of
heat energy to it. To heat 1 kg of air, on the
other hand, you only need 1,402 J, or
about a third.
Like all energy forms, heat obeys the Law
of the Conservation of Energy (Energy
Conservation Theorem, see page 49). All
forms of energy can be converted into one
another, albeit not always completely
because there are often losses due to
friction.
GOOD TO KNOW
29
Air and Water Under Pressure
Pressure, temperature, and
volume are all connected
In practice, it is rare that one is only dealing with two factors with
gases. Usually, all three change.
When you pump up your bicycle tire, the pump gets warm, so the
temperature of the pump air changes. The pressure simultaneously
rises and the air space gets smaller.
In order to be able to do calculations with three changing values,
the two laws named before are combined into one, with all three
values are factored in. This is the Ideal Gas Law, or the Equation of
State of Ideal Gases:
So if you change just the temperature or just the pressure or both
values, you can figure out how the other parameters will change as
well.
1 N =
1 kg · m
s
2
1 Pa =
1 bar = 1,000 hPa
1 N
1 m
2
1 W =
1 J
1 s
P (Pressure) =
F
1
: A
1
= F
2
: A
2
p
1
: p
2
= V
2
: V
1
p
1
: p
2
= T
1
: T
2
or: p · V = constant
(only valid when T = constant)
F
1
· L
1
= F
2
· L
2
p
1
· V
1
= p
2
· V
2
A
1
· v
1
= A
2
· v
2
Load · Load arm = Force · Force arm
F (Force)
A (Area)
P (power) =
W (work) = F (force) · s (distance)
W (work)
t (time)
F
d
=C
d
·
A · · v
2
2
P == 2= 2 Pa
10 N
5 m
2
N
m
2
P == 200,000 Pa
100 N
0.0005 m
2
P =
= 16,000 Pa or 16 hPa or 1.6 bar
4 N
0.00025 m
2
or = constant=
p
1
· V
1
T
1
p · V
T
p
2
· V
2
T
2
F
d
= 0.4 ·
2 m
2
· 1.23 kg/m
3
· (40 m/s)
2
2
F
d
= 0.4 ·= 787.2 N
3936
2
kg · m
s
2
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Productinformatie
| Merk | Thames & Kosmos |
| Model | Physics Pro |
| Categorie | Niet gecategoriseerd |
| Taal | Nederlands |
| Grootte | 6755 MB |
