Thames & Kosmos Ooze Labs: Chemistry Station handleiding

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Thames & Kosmos

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Handleiding

› › › INTRODUCTION

A dictionary would tell you that chemistry is

the science of the composition, properties,

structure, and reactions of matter. But what

does that really mean? It means that

chemistry is the organized study of all

materials: what they are made of, how they

are put together, how they come apart, why

they behave the way they do, and why they

are the way they are.

Everything — all the matter in the universe —

is a chemical or is made of chemicals that can

be studied in chemistry. That sounds like a lot,

doesn’t it? So how do the scientists who study

chemistry, called chemists, keep it all

straight? Well, they break things down into

smaller and smaller categories, organizing

them by their properties.

Take sugar for example. Regular table sugar is

a material called sucrose. Sucrose is actually

made of three other materials that you’ve

probably heard of: hydrogen, carbon, and

oxygen. These are called elements, and are

categorized by their properties.

The smallest unit of an element is called an

atom. An element consists of one atom or

multiple atoms that are all exactly the same.

You can’t break an atom down any further

without changing its properties. But atoms can

be broken down into smaller components that

do have different properties from each other:

protons, neutrons, and electrons.

However, all protons in the world are the same

as each other, as are neutrons and electrons, no

matter what atom they’re a part of. It’s as if

you built houses out of blocks, and there were

three types of blocks: blue, green, and red.

Towns with only one house or many of the

same houses represent elements, individual

houses represent atoms, and the blue, green,

and red blocks represent protons, neutrons,

and electrons.

At this time, there are only about 118 known

elements. So everything you see is made of

only these 118 elements. In fact, about 20 of

these elements are not found naturally on

Earth and have only been made artificially in a

lab, so we’re talking less than 100 different

building blocks for everything on Earth!

How do so few parts come together to make so

many different things, that interact in so many

different ways? Answering this question is

what chemistry is all about.

This kit lets kids experience the fascination of

chemistry with 20 fun, hands-on experiments

covering a wide variety of chemistry topics.

Let’s get started! You will be amazed by all the

things to be discovered in the world of

chemistry!

And we wish you lots of fun with all your

discoveries.

What Is Chemistry?

Sugar cube Sugar crystal Sucrose molecule Oxygen atom Proton

Breaking down sugar

Quark

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