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Handleiding

The Skin:

Our Largest Organ

The composition of human skin:

1. Stratum corneum

2. Stratum germinativum

3. Hair

4. Hair follicle

5. Hair root

6. Blood vessels

(capillaries)

7. Fat gland

(sebaceous gland)

8. Hair follicle muscle

(erector muscle)

9. Sweat gland

10. Fat cells

11/12. Blood vessels

THE THREE-LAYER

MODEL

As large as the skin is, it is

also one of the most

delicate organs because it

is only approximately 1/8

of an inch thick (a few

millimeters). The skin is

subdivided into three

diﬀerent layers.

SUPER THIN PROTECTIVE ARMOR

The visible surface of the skin, the epidermis

(A), is the protective layer, shielding against

the eﬀects of the environment. Even though it

is only about 4/1000 of an inch (~0.1

millimeter) thick, it lets neither water nor

poison through, and, as thin as it is, it is further

subdivided into three layers.

Right at the surface is a rough outer layer

called the stratum corneum. It consists of dead

or dying cells that adhere together. Dead cells

are constantly being rejected by the body and

are continuously replaced by new cells. The

new cells come from the layers underneath.

The deepest layer of the epidermis is called the

stratum germinativum. Here, skin cells are

constantly dividing and pushing older cells

toward the surface. All cells in the skin surface

are replaced about every 28 days, as fresh

cells are pushing out and the outermost skin

particles ﬂake oﬀ.

SURPRISING FACTS

ABOUT THE SKIN

The skin of an adult person covers an

area of about 16 to 22 square feet (1.5

to 2 square meters). It weighs about

one sixth of the total body weight,

which on average for an adult is 22

to 26 lb (10 to 12 kg). That’s really

heavy! Did you ever think of that?

Although the skin is the largest

and heaviest organ, many people

don’t know all of the things that

it does. The skin performs more

functions than most other organs:

It protects the body against heat,

cold, injury, and radiation. The

thin layer works as a heating and

ventilation system assuring that the

body temperature always stays at a

comfortable level. At the same time,

it forms the ﬁrst defense against

bacteria, viruses, and mold. And last

but not least, the skin is one of the

most important and diverse sensing

organs. No other part of the body has

more tactile sensitivity than the skin.

CHECK IT OUT

Our Skin

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