Thames & Kosmos Creative Cosmetics Lab handleiding

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Handleiding

HOW DOES SOAP WORK?

The carboxyl group (–COOH), or

“head,” of the fatty acid molecule is

polar, making that portion of the molecule

hydrophilic. The long carbon and hydrogen

“tail” is nonpolar. Soap molecules are able

to completely surround oily dirt molecules

with their nonpolar tails pointed inward.

The polar heads are hydrophilic, so

they are attracted to the water

molecules all around them, and

the whole thing can be

washed away.

How Is Soap Made?

Triglycerides in vegetable oils and animal fats are used

to make soap in a process called saponification.

The triglycerides are treated with a strong base, such

as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The base

breaks the bond between the glycerol molecule and

the fatty acid molecules. The fatty acid molecules then

combine with the base to form soap. The glycerol can be

left in the soap, where it acts as a softening agent, or it

can be separated out.

HARD SOAP VS. SOFT SOAP

The nature of the base used to

make soap, causes the soap to have

distinct properties. Soap made

with the base sodium hydroxide

(NaOH) forms “hard soap,” which

can be used in hard water. Hard

water is water that contains higher

levers of minerals such as calcium

and magnesium. While soap made

with the base potassium hydroxide

make “soft soaps.”

CHECK IT OUT

dirt

DID YOU KNOW?

Saponification can occur in oil paintings. The

pigments in oil paint can contain heavy metals such

as lead or zinc. These metals react with the fatty

acids in the oil portion of the paint, creating soap!

Glycerin Soap

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