Thames & Kosmos Candy Chemistry handleiding

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Thames & Kosmos

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PHASES OF

MATTER

There are three phases of matter: solid, liquid, and

gas. (There are actually others, like plasma and

Bose-Einstein condensate, but they’re much less

common.) This means that pretty much all the

stuff you see in the world can be characterized as

being in either a solid, liquid, or gas phase.

The atoms of solids are packed together densely

and have ﬁxed positions in space relative to each

other (like bricks in a wall), which makes solids

rigid.

Liquids have atoms that are packed less densely

than are those of solids, and while solids form a

rigid shape, liquids move freely. But when liquids

are poured into a container, they must conform to

the shape of the container, except for possibly

one surface (like the surface of water in a ﬁsh

tank).

This is not the case for gases, which must conform

to the shape of the container entirely (like water

vapor in a ﬁsh tank, which would have no surface

different from the walls of the tank). The atoms of

gases are packed the least densely of all three

phases, and are in relatively random motion.

Gases have no deﬁnite shape or volume, can

expand and contract greatly with changes in

temperature and pressure, and spread easily to

distribute themselves evenly throughout a

container — hence their total conformity to the

shapes of containers.

SOLID WATER (ICE)

LIQUID WATER

GASEOUS WATER

CHECK IT OUT

Phases of Matter | 15

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