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HotStik 5™ COB II User Manual Rev. B Copyright © 2019 Blizzard Lighting, LLC

5. APPENDIX

A Quick Lesson On DMX

DMX (aka DMX-512) was created in 1986 by the United States Institute for Theatre Technology (USITT)

as a standardized method for connecting lighting consoles to lighting dimmer modules. It was revised in

1990andagainin2000toallowmoreexibility.TheEntertainmentServicesandTechnologyAssociation

(ESTA)hassinceassumedcontrolovertheDMX512standard.Ithasalsobeenapprovedandrecognized

forANSIstandardclassication.

DMX covers (and is an abbreviation for) Digital MultipleXed signals. It is the most common communica-

tions standard used by lighting and related stage equipment.

DMXprovidesupto512control“channels”perdatalink.Eachofthesechannelswasoriginallyintended

to control lamp dimmer levels. You can think of it as 512 faders on a lighting console, connected to 512

lightbulbs.Eachslider’spositionissentoverthedatalinkasan8-bitnumberhavingavaluebetween

0and255.Thevalue0correspondstothelightbulbbeingcompletelyowhile255correspondstothe

light bulb being fully on.

DMXisconnectedusingadaisy-chaincongurationwherethesourceconnectstotheinputoftherst

device,theoutputoftherstdeviceconnectstotheinputofthenextdevice,andsoon.Thestandard

allows for up to 32 devices on a single DMX link.

Eachreceivingdevicetypicallyhasameansforsettingthe“startingchannelnumber”thatitwillrespond

to.Forexample,iftwo6-channelxturesareused,therstxturemightbesettostartatchannel1so

itwouldrespondtoDMXchannels1through6,andthenextxturewouldbesettostartatchannel7so

it would respond to channels 7 through 12.

The greatest strength of the DMX communications protocol is that it is very simple and robust. It in-

volves transmitting a reset condition (indicating the start of a new “packet”), a start code, and up to 512

bytesofdata.Datapacketsaretransmittedcontinuously.Assoonasonepacketisnished,anothercan

begin with no delay if desired (usually another follows within 1 ms). If nothing is changing (i.e. no lamp

levels change) the same data will be sent out over and over again. This is a great feature of DMX -- if for

somereasonthedataisnotinterpretedthersttimearound,itwillbere-sentshortly.

Notall512channelsneedtobeoutputperpacket,andinfact,itisveryuncommontondall512used.

The fewer channels are used, the higher the “refresh” rate. It is possible to get DMX refreshes at around

1000 times per second if only 24 channels are being transmitted. If all 512 channels are being transmit-

ted, the refresh rate is around 44 times per second.

Dimensional Drawings

3.4” (85mm)5.9” (150mm)

38.82” (986mm)

22.9” (580mm)

3.4” (85mm)

5.4” (136mm)

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