Thames & Kosmos Structural Engineering: Bridges & Skyscrapers handleiding

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Thames & Kosmos

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Handleiding

BEAMS

Beams are structural elements that are able to

resist horizontal loads but are weak in resisting

vertical loads. As you saw with the beam bridge

in Experiment 7, when beams experience

vertical forces, they undergo bending.

Structural Elements:

Columns, Beams, and Plates

CHECK IT OUT

Why don’t you see the columns

in a building geing shorter and

wider? The reason is that these changes

are usually very small because

building materials are very stiﬀ.

PLATES

A plate is a solid structural element with a

thickness that is very small compared to its other

dimensions. Loads applied to

a plate are assumed to be

perpendicular to the faces of

the plate. The die-cut plastic

sheet is an example of a plate.

COLUMNS

Columns are structural elements that transmit forces

vertically, through compression. As you observed in

Experiment 10, columns are strong in resisting

vertical forces but weak in resisting horizontal forces.

When columns experience compression, they deform

to be shorter and wider.

When a beam

experiences bending,

the top edge of the

rod is in compression,

while the lower edge

is in tension.

Structural engineers want to prevent

columns from failing due to a phenomenon

called buckling. Buckling is when a

structural element starts to bow sideways

due to a high compressive load. This failure

can cause the structural element to lose all

ability to carry a load.

No Load

Under Load

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