Thames & Kosmos Structural Engineering: Bridges & Skyscrapers handleiding

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Handleiding

EXPERIMENT 7

HERE’S HOW

Set up two chairs as

shown. Lay the beam

bridge so it spans the distance between the

backs of the two chairs. Tie a weight to the

center of the bridge using a string. Use a

ruler to measure the deﬂection, or the

degree to which the bridge is displaced

under the load, at the middle. Change the

weight and measure the deﬂection again.

Bending

1 2 3

Done!

WHAT’S HAPPENING

When you hang the weight on the beam

bridge, the force of the weight causes the

bridge to deﬂect, or bend, because the

bridge is only supported by the two chairs

at its ends. The middle of the bridge

deﬂects downward because the

materials of the bridge are not strong or

rigid enough to counteract the load.

Can you think of some ways you could

make this bridge stronger and deﬂect

less?

Structural engineers must consider the serviceability

of all of the structures they design. Serviceability is

the ability of a structure to fulﬁll its function. A

structural engineer has to consider not only the

ability of a structure to stay standing, but also

whether the structure will be able to meet all of the

needs of its users or occupants over its entire

lifespan. For example, the structure must not vibrate

so much that people can’t be comfortable inside it.

In addition to understanding forces

and moments, a structural

engineer has to understand the

properties of the materials that

they are using. Material properties

are quantitative measurements of

how diﬀerent materials respond to

the application of diﬀerent kinds of

forces and moments. Material

properties allow structural

engineers to assess the beneﬁts

and drawbacks of using diﬀerent

materials.

Engineering Design:

Serviceability and Material Properties

Bridge

Chair

BEAM BRIDGE

Beam Bridge

Now, let’s apply what you

have already learned to

another type of structure

that many structural

engineers design: bridges!

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