Thames & Kosmos Simple Machines handleiding

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Handleiding

Lever

A lever is a rigid bar

that can be pivoted

on a point, called the

fulcrum. Applying force to one part of the lever

will cause a load (weight) somewhere else on

the lever to move.

Wheel and Axle

This is a wheel with a pole

through its center called the

axle. It is actually a type of

lever that rotates around the

fulcrum. Gears are wheels

with meshing teeth.

Pulley

A pulley is a wheel and axle with a

groove in its circumference. A rope

or chain is run through the groove.

A weight attached to one end can

be moved by pulling in the opposite

direction on the other end.

Inclined Plane

This is a ramp where one end is higher than the

other. Moving an object up the ramp requires

less force than

lifting the object

vertically.

Screw

A screw is an inclined plane wrapped

around a pole. It converts are turning

force into a straight (linear) force

along the length of the pole.

Wedge

A wedge is two inclined planes

attached back to back. It converts

a force acting on its end into two

perpendicular forces acting out

from the sides.

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Simple machines are devices that make physical

work easier by changing the amount of force

required to do work or changing the direction

of the force required to do work. To understand

this, we first need to understand what forces

and work are.

For the purpose of this kit, you can think of

a force as a push or a pull that causes an object

to move, or change its speed if it is already

moving. When you push on a door to open it, you

are applying force to the door to move it open.

Forces act on masses (objects with mass) in

specific directions.

You may think of work as the chores your

parents make you do or the assignments you do

in school, but to a physicist, work is the amount

of energy exerted when a force moves an object

a certain distance. When you carry a box of toys

up the stairs, you are doing work equal to the

amount of force it takes to move that box the

distance from the bottom of the stairs to the top.

Simple machines make work easier to do

by allowing you to push or pull with less force

or in a more convenient direction to move an

object. But, any force that is saved by using

a simple machine must be accounted for in

terms of distance. This is an important rule to

remember about simple machines. The amount

a simple machine makes work easier is called

its mechanical advantage. There are six classic

types of simple machines:

Simple Machines

› › › INTRODUCTION

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