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Lenses

Lenses bend rays of light. They can

generally be divided into two types:

convex lenses and concave lenses. A

convex lens causes straight rays of light to converge,

while a concave lens causes straight rays of light to diverge. By using these two

types of lenses, it is possible to produce various optical devices and effects.

Everyday applications for lenses include cameras, eyeglasses, telescopes,

microscopes, CD players, photocopiers, and car headlights.

CONVEX LENS FOCUSING

Convex lenses are able to collect straight

rays of light at a focal point. Collecting

the rays of light is called focusing. The

distance from the lens to the focal point is

called the focal length. Placing a screen

at the focal point allows you to project the

image there. Placing ﬁlm or an imaging

sensor at the same place will make a

camera.

CHECK IT OUT

Effect of convex lens Effect of concave lens

Traveling direction of light

Light disperses

Traveling direction of light

Light converges at one point

How Lenses Work

Convex lens

Focal length

focus

CONCAVE LENS

FOCUSING

Concave lenses disperse straight

rays of light. Therefore, they are

used to make light rays more out

of focus. As indicated by the

illustration, the rays of light

extend in the opposite direction to

the focal point.

Concave lens

Focal length

Focal point

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