Thames & Kosmos Physics Workshop handleiding

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Thames & Kosmos

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Handleiding

13. Shaft Plug (x20)

This red-colored piece will hold fast when its thick

end is inserted into a hole. If you press a wheel

into its other end, the prongs will hold the wheel

securely while still leing it rotate freely. You can

also use this piece to aach cardboard and other

pieces to frames or rods. When the shaft plug is

inserted in a hole, its thin rim will protrude a lile,

allowing it to be pried out with the part separator

tool.

14. Joint Pin (x10)

This red-colored piece is split at both ends. Either

end can be inserted into the hole of a rod or frame,

where it will rest securely while still being able

to rotate. Its other end can then be inserted into

another rod or frame hole. The joint pin lets you

connect two components so that they can rotate or

pivot relative to one another.

15. Shaft Pin (x2)

This red piece will ﬁt into a hole of one of the rods,

with the thick section able to rotate in the hole.

Its rim keeps it from slipping out of the hole. The

thinner end, meanwhile, ﬁts nicely into the crank-

hole of a wheel. So the shaft pin is used to connect

a wheel to a rod. If just the thinner end is inserted

into a wheel’s crank-hole, the shaft pin can serve

as a crank handle.

16. Large Gear Wheel (x4)

The kit’s gear wheels are orange. The large wheel

has 60 teeth around its periphery. Like all the

gear wheels, this one has slanted teeth on one

side, and on the other side it is ﬂat. The hole in

the middle lets you mount it on an axle or a shaft

plug. The small hole near the edge of the wheel (or

crank-hole) holds the shaft pin so you can crank

it. A gear wheel lets you transfer force and motion

onto another wheel (or another gear shaft). In

that process, you can increase the force while

decreasing the rotations, or increase the rotations

while decreasing the force.

17. Medium Gear Wheel (x2)

This gear has 40 teeth, but is otherwise similar to

the large gear wheel.

18. Small Gear Wheel (x8)

This one has just 20 teeth, is a lile thinner than

the others, and lacks a crank-hole for the shaft pin.

19. Large Sprocket Wheel (x3)

It is green and has 30 teeth. As with the other

sprocket wheels, a chain can go over the rim of

teeth. It also has a crank-hole for the shaft pin.

Unlike the gear wheels, both sides of the sprocket

wheels are the same. The nub in the center is

thicker with all the sprocket wheels.

20. Medium Sprocket Wheel (x3)

This sprocket wheel has just 20 teeth, but is

otherwise shaped just like the large one.

21. Small Sprocket Wheel (x3)

It has just 10 teeth and is missing the hole for the

shaft pin, but is otherwise like the other two. Now

and then, we will be using it on an axle to keep

other pieces securely in place.

22. Chain Link (x140)

This is black and can be connected to other links

to create a chain. The longest chain has 140 pieces.

The inside of the chain is smooth, the outside

rough. If you turn the rough outer side inward,

the chain grinds on the wheels and can get

caught. Chains and sprocket wheels are good for

carrying large forces over long distances. They

are “forgiving,” because they are a lile loose and

compensate for imperfections. Chains can also be

used as conveyor belts or as treads or drive chains

for land vehicles.

23. Large Pulley Wheel (x2)

Like the two other sizes of pulley wheels, this one

is yellow. A rubber band or cord can go along the

groove around its rim. On its inner side, you will

see a ring with an opening. If you push the inner

sides of two equal-sized pulley wheels together

and then slide them onto an axle, it creates a drum

with room for the knot and an exit hole for the

cord. Near its edge, the pulley wheel has a crank-

hole for a shaft pin.

Pulley wheels, like sprocket wheels, are used to

transmit forces or movements, in order to increase

or reduce them. Instead of a ﬁxed interlocking

chain, the pulley wheel uses a drive belt made of

rubber, leather, or cloth, which can slip and still

turn in the groove with ﬂuctuations of force or

overloads. Drive belts therefore aﬀord a soft and

elastic means of transmission.

24. Medium Pulley Wheel (x2)

Instead of the crank-hole, this wheel has a small

hole for the end of the cord.

25. Small Pulley Wheel (x2)

This one also has a cord hole.

26-27. Rubber Bands: Short (x2) and Long (x2)

There are two diﬀerent sizes of rubber bands: short

and long. They do the work of drive belts, springs,

and energy stores.

28. Crank (x1)

You will use the crank to turn axles by hand and

also to convert rotating motion into back-and-

forth motion.

29. Crankshaft (x2)

This serves admirably as a crank handle.

30. Wooden Ball (x8)

This is used for several experiments and games.

31. Anchor Pin Lever (Part Separator Tool) (x1)

This is a handy tool for extracting anchor pins and

shaft plugs from holes. The thicker end lifts out the

anchor pin, the thinner end the shaft plug. You can

use the long axle to push out anchor pins, shaft

plugs, shaft pins, and base connectors.

32. Washer (x10)

We use this piece to reduce friction — for example,

to keep vehicle’s wheels from rubbing against its

chassis or rod — but also to increase the distance

or space between parts, or to press one part

against another. The washers be used whenever

you ﬁnd that wheels or gears are rubbing against

other components. In particular, they will come in

handy when you use several gears in the assembly

of a vehicle or machine that might otherwise have

the freedom of their rotation hindered, with a

resulting slowing of the mechanism’s performance.

These washers may not show up in the photograph

of a particular workshop project, but feel free to

make use of them

whenever you think

it makes sense

to do so. A good

engineer improvises

to improve

performance.

33. Axle Lock (x10)

These are designed

to prevent a wheel

from wandering

along the axle,

or slipping. They

are easy to install

without having to

remove the wheel

or the axle.

Large

Pulley

Wheel

Medium

Pulley

Wheel

Small

Pulley

Wheel

Rubber

Bands

Crank

Crankshaft

Ball

Part

Separator

Tool

Washer

Axle Lock

Plastic washers can be used to

separate gears.

Axles locks will keep wheels and

axles from slipping.

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