Thames & Kosmos Pepper Mint in the Fantastic Underwater Science Voyage handleiding

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Thames & Kosmos

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Handleiding

WHY CAN’T WATER BE

COMPRESSED?

You’ve almost certainly noticed before that very cold

water below 0° Celsius freezes and turns to ice, or that if

you boil water (over 100° Celsius), it evaporates and

disappears. This is referred to as “states of maer.” Heat

plays a very special part in these changes from solid to

liquid to gas. The warmer water gets, the more its

molecules bounce around because they have more

energy. With ice, the molecules are frozen into a grid-

like laice structure. In water, this rigid structure comes

apart, and the molecules start moving about. In steam,

they shoot around all over the place, so much so that

they’re barely even connected to each other any more.

When water is in liquid form, the molecules move

about, however because of the forces of araction and

repulsion that exist between the individual molecules,

they stay at a set distance from each other. This is why

you can’t compress the water in your syringe.

WHAT’S

HAPPENING

The paper clip ﬂoats on the surface — until you

add soap and disturb the “surface tension” of the

water. Then it sinks to the

boom. Water

consists of a great number of molecules that

aract and repel each other. Ifa molecule is

surrounded by other water

molecules, these

interactions balance each other out. If a water

molecule comes in contact with air, because

it’s at the surface, the forces of araction can

no longer be balanced out, and the molecule is

drawn inward into the liquid. Water

tries to

form the smallest

possible surface area in

relation to the substance that borders it. This

is why water forms round droplets, and why

it has asurface tension that allows small

creatures, like water striders for example, to

walk on it. The soap is made up of molecules

that push between water molecules on the

surface, disturbing the water’s surface

tension.

HERE’S HOW!

Fill two thirds of your tub with tap water.

Carefully place a paper clip or pin onto the

surface of the water.

Drop a lile dishwashing liquid into the water.

YOU NEED ...

Tub

You will also need: tap water,

paper clips, soap or dishwashing

liquid, coins

Nature of Water

AND THE

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