Thames & Kosmos Pepper Mint in the Fantastic Underwater Science Voyage handleiding

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Thames & Kosmos

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GOOD TO KNOW

Water can transmit forces because it can’t be

compressed — unlike air, which can be compressed

up to a certain point. Water, and liquids in general,

aren’t compressible because the molecules are

packed closer together in a liquid than in a gas. The

branch of physics that studies this phenomenon is

known as “hydraulics.”

WHY DO SHIPS FLOAT?

When an object enters a body of water, it pushes

water molecules aside as it enters the water. A ship

will ﬂoat if the water that it displaces weighs more

than the vessel itself. Even though ships can weigh

many thousands of tons, their shapes are cleverly

designed to allow them to displace enough water to

allow them to ﬂoat.

Try out this experiment: Fill your tub with water,

then take some modeling clay and shape some of it

into a ball and some of it into a small boat. The ball

will sink, while the boat will ﬂoat on top of the

water. The boat displaces more water than the ball.

Place the full syringe, with the plunger pulled

out, into the syringe holder. To do this, carefully

thread the tube through one of the holes, pulling

it down gently from above, until the syringe is

suspended from the holder. Place an empty

syringe, with the plunger fully pushed in, into a

hole at the other side of the holder and connect

the free end of the tube that’s ﬁlled with water to

the empty syringe.

WHAT’S HAPPENING

When you carefully press the protruding

plunger down, water ﬂows into the empty

syringe at the other end of the tube and

pushes the plunger up on the other side.

The initial movement you made is

transmied by the water. What happens

if you hold the plunger of the empty

syringe down,

while also carefully

pressing the plunger

of the full syringe

down

? Can the water be compressed?

Empty the two syringes and the tube

into a sink and try the same

experiment using air instead of

water this time. Can the air be

compressed?

WHAT IS WATER?

Like everything in the world, water is made up of tiny particles

that can’t be seen with the naked eye. We call these building

blocks “atoms.” The most basic building blocks are known as

“elements” and these can be combined

into larger groups

called

“molecules” as a result of chemical reactions. Water is made up

of many tiny water molecules, which in turn are made up of the

elements “oxygen“ and “hydrogen.” Each water molecule

consists of two hydrogen atoms aached to one oxygen atom.

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