Thames & Kosmos Hot Ice Crystals handleiding

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Thames & Kosmos

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Handleiding

CAN ICE MAKE YOU WARMER?

HOW DO CRYSTALS FORM?

GEEK

OUT!

You probably know about hand warmers.

You press a disk ﬂoating in the crystal

salt solution and the solution is set into

rapid motion, crystallizes, and heats up — a phenomenon

known as heat of crystallization. The chemical reaction is

exothermic — from Greek “exo,” meaning outside of, and

“therme,” meaning heat.

In most of these heating pads, the same chemical

is used that you used in your own experiments. But ice produces heat of

crystallization, too.

This has an important role to play in fruit

cultivation, for example. To keep the tender buds

and ﬂowers from freezing early in the year, they

are constantly sprayed with water. The water

gradually forms a coating of ice on the plant,

which releases heat of crystallization. This acts

as a protective “cap” for the plants, preventing

the temperature from dropping much below zero

degrees Celsius. Fine droplets of water in the air

crystallize and release heat, too.

Like sugar and salt, our chemical

consists of small granules of crystal.

Crystals are solid objects with

uniformly arranged building blocks, or

atoms. They grow as their building blocks attract each other

and gradually organize themselves into a crystal lattice.

A lot of crystallized minerals can be found in rocks in the

mountains, which formed as the mountain was created millions of years

ago. Hot water that dissolved minerals in the rocks

under high pressure forced its way to the surface and

cooled in crevices and cavities. When it cooled, crystals

formed on the walls of the crevices. One of the most

common minerals is quartz, which often appears in

the form of beautiful, ice-clear quartz crystals.

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