Thames & Kosmos Gecko Run: Marble Run Starter Set handleiding

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Thames & Kosmos

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The subtle difference

CHAOS THEORY

Animals that STICK

— You may have noticed something rather odd while

playing and experimenting with your Gecko Run: you set

up an exciting track and the ball goes through it perfectly

a few times. But on the next attempt, the ball suddenly jumps

o the track or gets stuck somewhere. This happens frequently

on tracks that challenge the laws of physics. This strange phenomenon

can be explained with the help of chaos theory.

— It's not always obvious when

a system enters an apparently

chaotic state.

— Tiny changes in a system

can have a major impact.

— In principle, your ball follows physical laws

that are identical at all times. Therefore, your

ball should take an identical path each time.

However, you may have set up your track to be

very dependent on ideal starting conditions. In

other words, by how you put the ball onto the

track. Tiny differences in positioning can

result in the ball hitting the trick slightly

differently – these deviations can then be

exacerbated by changing conditions until the

ball eventually bounces off the track.

— You may have heard of the butterfly effect?

This refers to the claim that the flap of

a butterfly's wings in Brazil can trigger

a tornado in Texas.

This is not meant to be taken literally,

but rather as an example of how minute

changes in a system (like a breath of air from

a flap of wings) can have an enormous effect.

In fact, this phenomenon is especially apparent

in weather patterns, which is why it's almost

impossible to reliably predict the weather for

more than one week.

THE BUTTERFL Y

EFFECT

— The countless hairs on a

gecko's foot can only be seen

clearly under a microscope.

— Thanks to the ingenious pads,

your ball track can hang like a gecko

on vertical walls. But do you know

which animals have similar abilities?

GECKOS, INSECTS AND SPIDERS

— These animals have countless microscopic hairs on their legs

that increase the contact surface with the wall many times over.

This creates physical adhesive forces (referred to simply as

adhesion), which ensure that the wall and the animal's feet attract

each other. By the way, the same forces act when you bring cling

film into contact with a smooth surface.

— The remora has suction cups

on its head. This allows it to

hitch a lift from larger sea

creatures without moving

under its own power.

— Ingenious: an octopus tentacle is

not only incredibly mobile, it can also hold

onto pretty much anything thanks to its

numerous suction cups.

FISH, OCTOPUSES

AND BATS

— Many animals – especially aquatic ones – attach

themselves to surfaces using suction cups. However,

unlike the animals mentioned above, there are no

adhesion forces at work here. Their suction

cups create a vacuum that makes them

adhere to surfaces. You probably know

that octopuses use suction cups,

but did you know that there are

also sharks and bats with

suction cups?

CONTENTS

Gecko Run – Starter Set

Kit Contents ............................ Inside front cover

Table of Contents .................................................. 1

Safety Information ............................................... 2

Important Information ......................................... 3

Gecko Run Parts .................................................. 4

SETUP BEGINS ON PAGE 6

Your First Runs .......................................... 6

Tips and Tricks ........................................ 10

Challenges .............................................. 14

Chaos Theory and the Butterﬂy Eect ........ 15

Animals That Stick ................................... 16

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