Thames & Kosmos Electro Chem Clock handleiding

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Thames & Kosmos

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Handleiding

ATOMS, IONS,

AND ELECTRICAL

CHARGE

All the substances that make up our world,

such as air, water, and rocks, are made of tiny

building blocks known as

atoms.

For a long

time, scientists thought that these building

blocks could not be broken down any farther,

although we know better today.

In fact, atoms are composed of even smaller

particles. These include a nucleus, which

contains positively-charged protons, around

which fly tiny, negatively-charged

electrons.

Normally, an atom has an equal number of

protons and electrons, meaning that it has

neither a positive nor a negative charge — in

other words, it is

electrically neutral.

If the number of electrons doesn’t match the

number of protons, the atom has a positive

or negative

charge.

A charged atom is

known as an

ion.

EXPERIMENT 3

EXPERIMENT 2

How to Set Your Clock

Does It Have to Be Lemonade?What Does the Display Show? Battery Power for Your Clock Check It Out

Under the display, you will

see two buttons:

and

Your clock has two display

modes:

WHO INVENTED THE

BATTERY?

The first working battery, a so-called

voltaic

pile,

was built around 1800 by the Italian

scientist

Alessandro Volta.

This highly

significant invention in turn made it possible to

conduct research into electricity.

Start by releasing all wires from the contact

springs and pulling them out through the

assembly board from underneath. Remove the

contact springs from the assembly board. Pull

the metal sheets out of the cup of liquid and rinse

them off. Take the cup off of the assembly board.

Pour the liquid from the cup down the drain.

Rinse out the cup and clean the sink to avoid any

stains.

Dry all the pieces with a paper towel and place

them back in their packaging.

Time Display

This shows the time on the display, in hours and minutes. When you push

, it

shows a date display — the month and the day. After a few seconds, the time will be

displayed again automatically.

Alternating Display

By pushing

, you switch to the alternating display. At a rate of once per

second, the display will alternate between time and date. Then, if you push

the seconds will be shown.

If you then push

again, it takes you back to the time display.

By pressing

, you can set the current hour. The displayed number increases by

1 with every push, and switches back to 1 after 12.

You will see that there is a letter A behind the number, which stands for a.m. or

morning. After you press 12 times, the letter switches to P — for p.m., or afternoon/

evening.

You will have to be sure to set the letter correctly depending on whether it is, say, 8

in the morning or 8 in the evening.

YOU WILL NEED:

› Assembled board with digital clock, water,

paper towel, 2 x AA batteries (1.5-volt, type

AA/LR6/penlight)

Now you just have to insert the two batteries

into the battery compartment. Make sure that

the

and

signs on the batteries match up

with the signs in the compartment.

STEP 1

STEP 2

Insert the two contact springs into two holes

next to the battery compartment.

Guide the black wires next to contact spring 1

through the assembly board holes from beneath

and the red wires in the same way to contact

spring 2, as shown in the illustration.

Connect the black wire from the battery

compartment and the black wire from the digital

clock to contact spring 1 and the red wire from

the battery compartment and the red wire from

the digital clock to contact spring 2.

Press

again in order to set the minutes. The displayed number increases by 1

with every push, and switches back to 00 after 60.

Press

This takes you to the month setting mode.

Press

This takes you to the day setting mode.

Then press

to get the correct day.

The displayed number increases by 1

with every push, and switches

back to 1 after 31.

If you then press

, you can set the display to the current month. The

displayed number will increase by 1 each time you press, and switches to 1

(January) after 12 (December).

IMPORTANT To set the date and time, you have to switch the clock

to the alternating display mode.

WHY The clock runs because you have now replaced the lemonade

battery with ordinary batteries. The ordinary batteries supply electricity to

the clock just like the lemonade battery did.

Press

This takes you to the hour setting mode.

Press

This takes you to the minute setting mode.

Press

Now the correct time is shown on the display.

CAUTION!

Be sure to have an adult

check that you have connected all the

wires correctly!

YOU WILL NEED:

› Assembled board with digital clock, water, paper towel, various liquids (for

example, diluted vinegar, cola, fruit juice)

1. Start by disconnecting the two metal

sheet wires from the contact springs.

Remove the metal sheets from the

liquid cup and rinse them off. Take the

cup off the assembly board and pour

the lemonade down the drain. Rinse

out the cup and clean the sink to

avoid any stains.

Dry all the pieces with the paper

towel.

2. Then fill the two chambers of the cup

with some other liquid, up to about 1

cm beneath the rim.

Which liquids work to make your clock

run? Write them down here!

THE MOST

IMPORTANT PARTS OF

YOUR BATTERY

The metal sheets immersed in the

lemonade are the so-called

electrodes

of the lemonade

battery. It is crucial that they are

made of different materials. The

electrodes in this kit are made of

copper and zinc.

The lemonade is the battery’s

conductive liquid, also known as

an electrolyte.

It has to contain a

little acid for the battery to work.

Most soft drinks contain some citric

acid.

TIP

The electrons react with the positive zinc particles in the conductive liquid.

That gradually creates a layer of zinc on the copper electrode. When that happens,

no more current can flow, since both electrodes outwardly consist of the same

material.

You can get the current flowing again by cleaning the metal sheets with

a little sandpaper and using a new batch of lemonade.

Contact spring 1 Contact spring 2

3. Close the cup with the lid and insert

the metal sheets through the slits as

described in Experiment 1.

4. Re-mount the cup on the assembly

board and clamp the wires into their

proper contact springs.

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