Thames & Kosmos Chewing Gum Lab handleiding

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Handleiding

HOW SWEET IT IS:

SCIENCE

GEEK

OUT!

Thanks for experimenting

with me!

CRYSTALLIZATION

A solution is a mixture of substances

in which the particles of one

substance are evenly mixed with

the particles of the other substance.

A solution consists of a solute, the

substance that is dissolved, and a

solvent, the substance that dissolves

the solute.

When solutes fall out of solution,

scientists say they precipitate out of

the solution. This can happen when

the amounts of solvent or solute

change, or when the conditions such

as pressure or temperature change.

When the solute precipitates

out of solution, sometimes it will do

so molecule by molecule, in a slow,

orderly way. Because the molecules

are all the same, they tend to ﬁt

together, or stack, in the same way,

forming solid crystals with organized

shapes. This process is called

crystallization. Crystals can also

form when molten items solidify or

freeze.

The Chemistry of Sugar Crystals

Common table sugar, or sucrose, is

a molecule called a carbohydrate

because it contains carbon,

hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. The

simplest carbohydrates are called

monosaccharides, such as fructose and

glucose, which are the building blocks

of all other sugars and carbohydrates.

Sucrose is actually made of a fructose

molecule combined with a glucose

molecule.

When put into water, sugar

crystals will dissolve. The amount

of sugar that will dissolve in water

depends on the temperature of the

water: the hotter the water, the more

sugar can ﬁt into it, to a point. A very

hot solution that has a lot of sugar in

it is called a supersaturated solution.

These solutions are used in candy

making.

Sucrose

molecule

Ice crystals

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