Thames & Kosmos Chemistry C500 (Version 2.0) handleiding

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Thames & Kosmos

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Handleiding

Keyword: Soap

Soap is made by boiling fats

with an alkali. The ancient

Egyptians made soap 4,000

years ago by boiling alkaline

potash (plant ash) with oils.

These soaps, however, were

generally used for medicinal

purposes. After that, soap was

used for cosmetic applications,

such as in hair pomades. Only

later, in the 19th century, was

soap production reﬁned. There

were ﬁnally sufﬁcient

quantities of raw materials

such as olive oil and alkaline

materials such as soda ash for

soap to be produced in large

quantities at a low price, so

everyone could afford it.

SOFTENERS

FOR THE

WASHING

MACHINE

It’s not just something you can do, it’s

something you have to do. Modern

washing detergents can handle hard

water, but soluble calcium compounds

can still cause problems. They decompose

during the washing process. The resulting

calcium deposits don’t just increase

electricity consumption, they can also

damage the heating elements. Special

water softeners “capture” the soluble

calcium compounds so they can’t cause

any harm.

34 | Soap or Body Wash

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