Thames & Kosmos Architectural Engineering handleiding

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Handleiding

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EXPERIMENT

HERE’S HOW

With the square ﬂat

on a table, hold one

corner of the square

in one hand and try to

deform it by moving

the opposite corner. Does

the square deform? Also try bending one

corner of the square upward from the table

while holding the other corner. Does it bend?

Stability of a square

Done!

WHAT’S HAPPENING

When you are pushing or pulling on the corner of the square, you are

applying a force, or load, to the structure. A goal of architectural

engineering is to achieve the stability of a structure under diﬀerent

loads. All structures will change shape to some degree when loads

act on them. In a stable structure, the changes in shape, or

deformations, are small, and forces within the structure return the

structure to its original shape after the load is removed.

In an unstable structure, the changes in shape are large and usually

increase as long as the forces are applied. An unstable structure

does not have the internal forces required to restore the structure to

its original shape. Is the square a stable or unstable structure?

Not only is the structural shape unstable, but the ﬂexibility of the

plastic material itself makes it easy to bend.

SQUARE

BRACED SQUARE

EXPERIMENT

HERE’S HOW

Repeat Experiment 1 with

the braced square. How

does the braced square

react to the load?

Reinforced structures

Done!

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WHAT’S HAPPENING

By adding the two cross pieces and connecting the two corners,

you made the square model into a much more stable structure.

The cross pieces lock the angle of the other rods. When you

push on the corner of the square, you can feel the model

move a lile bit. As you stop pushing on it, you can feel it

return to its original shape. It’s also signiﬁcantly more

resistant to bending. However, you used more material to

achieve this. That is called a trade-oﬀ in engineering.

Architects need their buildings to be

structurally stable and to remain

standing despite the all the loads that

act on them. Let’s build some simple

models and conduct simple experiments

with them to show how connecting

structural elements together in diﬀerent

ways can aﬀect the strength and

stability of a structure.

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