Thames & Kosmos Architectural Engineering handleiding

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Form and Function

Architects design buildings and spaces for people to use. From

the simplest house to the most complex skyscraper, buildings

must serve the needs of the people who inhabit them. In

architecture, it is often said that “form follows function.” This

means that the form, or shape, of a building and the spaces in

and around it depends on what the building is used for. In

addition to the usefulness, architects are also concerned with

the durability and beauty of buildings. If a building falls down

or doesn’t protect the inhabitants from the weather, it cannot

fulﬁll its function. The beauty of a building is perhaps the hardest quality to deﬁne. The way

people feel when they look at a building or occupy a space is an extremely important

consideration of the architect. In this way, art is an important element of architecture. In

addition, the environmental impact of buildings is a growing concern today.

Elements of Architecture

People have been designing buildings and spaces for thousands of years. Over the years, the ﬁeld of

architecture has developed and with it, a wealth of know-how, terminology, and technology all

related to the design and construction of buildings. Just like writers must understand leers and

words before they can write books, architects must understand the basic elements of architecture

before they can design complex buildings. Here are some examples of the elements of architecture:

Load

The Materials Maer

While architects may be primarily concerned with a building’s form and function for the users, the

architectural engineer’s primary concerns might center around geing the building’s systems to support its

form and uses: Does the building’s structure support the weight of its inhabitants? Does the building have

light, heat, electricity, and water in all the necessary places?

How do modern-day architectural engineers achieve the amazingly tall skyscrapers and fascistically

shaped buildings that architects design? Largely the answer lies in the materials they use. Three of the most

critical materials used in building today are steel and concrete.

Steel is a metal that is an alloy, or

mixture, of iron and carbon. It is a

common building material due to its

high tensile strength and low cost.

When you combine the high tensile

strength of steel bars and the high

compressive strength of concrete,

you get another common building

material called reinforced concrete

that is strong in both tension and

compression.

Concrete is a composite material made of

ﬁne and coarse aggregate, like sand and

gravel, bonded together with a liquid

cement that hardens over time. Because of

its high strength in compression and low

cost, it is a common building material.

Open gable Shed Saltbox Flat M shaped

Dormer Hip and valley Gambrel

Pyramid hip Buerﬂy Lean-to Mansard Dutch gable

Box gable Clerestory

Cube Square pyramid Cylinder Sphere Hemisphere Hexagonal

prism

Cone Half cylinder

ShoulderedHorseshoeSegmentalLancetRound Trefoil Convex Tudor Ogee Tented Parabolic Moorish

multifoil

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Elements of Form

Types of Arches

Types of Roofs

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Architectural Engineering

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